The specific cognitive theory, championed by H.Nash in his 1962 book “Alcohol and Caffeine”, asserts that caffeine acts directly on “specific neural capacities” that are intrinsic to a given task and that it enhances performance on these tasks irrespective of whether a person is fatigued. This idea was suggested to Nash by his examination of performances of several different short-term tasks, some of which exhibited improvement after caffeine was ingested, while others remain unaffected.
In real life, caffeine improves long term performance on vigilance tasks such as solving arithmetic problems, driving a car, or flying an airplane. Its effects are most apparent when people have been working at their tasks for some time and are minimal when tasks are just begun.
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